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1.
West Indian med. j ; 62(7): 589-592, Sept. 2013. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1045709

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis are uncommon acute dermatologic disorders. The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency, aetiology and outcome of cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis admitted to the dermatology ward at the University Hospital of the West Indies. METHODS: This was a retrospective study looking at all patients who were admitted with a diagnosis of Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis overlap syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis over a nine-year period. RESULTS: The results showed almost equal numbers of males and females. The drugs most commonly implicated were phenytoin and cotrimoxazole. The most common complications were hepatic impairment and ophthalmic complications. CONCLUSION: Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality of patients on the dermatology ward although mortality was low compared to other studies.


OBJETIVO: El síndrome de Stevens-Johnson (SSJ) y la necrólisis epidérmica tóxica (NET) son trastornos dermatológicos agudos poco frecuentes. El propósito de este estudio fue examinar la frecuencia, la etiología y el resultado de casos de síndrome Stevens-Johnson y necrólisis epidérmica tóxica ingresados en la sala de dermatología del Hospital Universitario de West Indies. MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio retrospectivo con todos los pacientes que fueron ingresados con diagnóstico de síndrome de Stevens-Johnson, síndrome de solapamiento entre el síndrome de Stevens-Johnson y NET, y necrólisis epidérmica tóxica, por un período de nueve años. RESULTADOS: Los resultados mostraron casi igual número de varones y hembras. Los fármacos más comúnmente implicados fueron la fenitoína y el cotrimoxazol. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron deterioro hepático y complicaciones oftálmicas. CONCLUSIÓN: El síndrome Stevens-Johnson y la necrólisis epidérmica tóxica contribuyen significativamente a la morbilidad y mortalidad de los pacientes en la Sala de Dermatología, aunque la mortalidad fue baja en comparación con otros estudios.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/epidemiology , Phenytoin/adverse effects , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/adverse effects , Retrospective Studies , Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/etiology , Hospitals, University/statistics & numerical data , Jamaica/epidemiology , Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects , Anticonvulsants/adverse effects
2.
West Indian med. j ; 58(3): 227-230, June 2009. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-672476

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Cutaneous reactions are among the most common adverse reactions to drugs. The purpose of this study is to examine the aetiology and outcome of cutaneous drug reactions among patients admitted to the Dermatology Ward at the University Hospital of the West Indies. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study looking at all patients who were admitted with a diagnosis of a cutaneous drug eruption from January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2005. Data included patient demographics, date of admission to hospital, duration of hospitalization and a detailed drug history including any previous episodes of drug sensitivity. All drugs reportedly ingested by the patients up to three months prior to their cutaneous reaction were documented and the period of time between drug ingestion and the appearance of skin lesions was also noted. Clinical diagnosis, co-morbidities, histopathological diagnosis, final outcome and all ensuing disabilities were noted. The data retrieved were collated and analyzed using SPSS 12.0. RESULTS: The results showed a female to male ratio of 2.2:1. The categories of drugs most commonly implicated were antimicrobials followed by anti-epileptic drugs and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The most common form of drug eruption requiring admission was the exanthematous drug eruption followed by erythema multiforme, toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome. CONCLUSION: In general, the causative agents identified and the types of drug eruptions were similar to those found in previous studies. However, the anti-epileptic drugs, phenytoin and carbamazepine, ranked among the most commonly implicated drugs which differ significantly from other studies.


Las reacciones cutáneas se hallan entre las reacciones adversas más comunes frente a los medicamentos. El propósito de este estudio fue examinar la etiología y la evolución clínica de las reacciones cutáneas medicamentosas entre pacientes ingresados a la sala de dermatología en el Hospital Universitario de West Indies. MÉTODOS: Este es un estudio retrospectivo que pasa revista a todos los pacientes que fueron ingresados con diagnóstico de erupción cutánea desde el 1ero. de enero de 1997 al 31 de diciembre de 2005. RESULTADOS: Los resultados mostraron una proporción hembra-varón de 2.2:1. Las categorías de los medicamentos más frecuentemente implicados fueron los antimicrobianos, seguidos por los medicamentos antiepilépticos y los antiinflamatorios no esteroideos. La forma más común de erupción que requirió ingreso a causa de medicamentos, fue la erupción exantemática medicamentosa seguida por el eritema multiforme, la necrólisis epidérmica tóxica, y el síndrome de Stevens-Johnson. CONCLUSIÓN: En general, los agentes causativos identificados y los tipos de erupciones medicamentosas, fueron similares a los hallados en estudios previos. Sin embargo, los antiepilépticos conocidos como fenitoína y carbamazepina, estuvieron entre los medicamentos más comúnmente implicados, presentándose en tal sentido una diferencia significativa con los otros estudios.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Drug Eruptions/epidemiology , Pharmaceutical Preparations/adverse effects , Stevens-Johnson Syndrome , Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/adverse effects , Anticonvulsants/adverse effects , Comorbidity , Dermatology/statistics & numerical data , Drug Eruptions/etiology , Erythema Multiforme/chemically induced , Erythema Multiforme/epidemiology , Hospital Departments/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, University , Jamaica/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/chemically induced , Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/epidemiology , Treatment Outcome
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